Be able to describe the main forms of mutations, how they can be caused, how they affect DNA during replication and how they affect protein sequence

• Point mutations/single nucleotide polymorphisms
• Small insertions and deletions (indels)
• Large scale mutations

Understand the difference between a transition and transversion and which is more common

Define and understand the difference between synonymous and non-synonymous mutations

Understand and be able to describe how DNA damage causes mutations

• Deamination
• Depurination
• Oxidation
• Alkylation Radiation

For the following mechanisms, understand/describe:

• The steps of the mechanism
• The proteins involved at each step
• The outcome of the mechanism

Mechanisms:

• Direct repair
• Base excision repair
• Nucleotide excision repair
• Mismatch repair

For mechanisms, think about what would happen if you removed the functionality of each of the proteins.